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Salazar E., J. A., & Villalobos Moreno, A. (2016). Descriptive morphology of the male genitalia in some neotropical species of the tribe Anaeini (LEPIDOPTERA, CHARAXIDAE). Boletín Científico. Centro De Museos, 20(2), 199–224. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2016.20.2.15
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Abstract
This article aims to demonstrate the taxonomic importance of the study of male genital organs of Neotropical butterflies charaxins of tribe Aneini. Some of the most relevant characteristics of some species, not considered in previous and recent contributions, are described and highlighted thanks to the extension of the samples with the hope they will help to know better the taxonomic characteristics in question.
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References
BEIRNE, B.P., 1942.- The morphology of the male genitalia of the Lepidoptera. The Ent. Record;., 15 (3): 17-22, 37-39.
BONFANTI, D., 2010.- Genitalia masculina de Charaxinae neotropical (Lep. Nymph.) uma análise comparada da variação dos caracteres. Tesis: 119 pp. + figs. U. Federal do Paraná, Brasil.
BONFANTI, D., CASAGRANDE, M. & MIELKE, O., 2013.- Male genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: a comparative analysis of character variation. J. Insect Science, 13 (35): 1-54 + figs.
BONFANTI, D., CASAGRANDE, M. & MIELKE, O., 2015.- Exoskeleton morphology of three species of Preponini, with discussion of morphological similarities among neotropical Charaxinae (Lep. Nymph.), I. Head, Cephalic appendages, and cervix. Zoological Science, 32: 278-283 + figs.
BURNS, J., 1997.- Presidential address 1996: On the beauties, uses, variation and handling of genitalia. J. Lepid. Soc., 51 (1): 1-8 + figs.
CALDAS, A., 1997.- Notes on the male genitalia of the Anaea ryphea- Anaea eurypyle complex (Lep. Nymph.). J. Lepid. Soc., 51 (1): 83-90 + figs.
CHAPMAN, J.A., 1916.- vi. On the pairing of the plebeiidi blue butterfliesd (Lyc. Pleb.). Trans. Ent. Soc. London, I: 156-180, + pls.
COMSTOCK, W.P., 1961.- Butterflies of the American Tropics: the genus Anaea (Lep. Nymph). Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6-7 + figs. Pls. N.Y.
D'ALMEIDA, R.F., 1940.- Contribuição ao estudo dos Mechanitidae (Lep. Rhop.). Rev. Ent., 11 (3): 758-766 + figs.
D'ABRERA, B., 1988.- Butterflies of the Neotropical Region, Nymphalidae, 5: 680-723 + figs. Hill House, Victoria.
DIAS, F.M., 2013.- Taxonomia e análise filogenética de Memphis (Hübner, 1819) e gêneros afins (Lep. Nymph. Charax.). basada em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. Tesis: 283 pp. + figs. U. Federal do Paraná, Brasil.
DRUCE, H., 1877.- A revision of the Lepidopterous genus Paphia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 632-652 + pls.
EHRLICH, P. & EHRLICH, A., 1961.- How to know the Butterflies. W.S. comp. publ., Dubuque, Iowa.
FORSTER, W., 1964.- Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens, XIX Ver. Zool. Staat. München, 8: 51-188 + figs.
FRANCY, C.F., 2006.- External genitalia of some Indian Lymantrids (Lep. Lym.). Millenium Zool., 7 (1): 29-32 + figs.
FORBES, W.T.M., 1939.- The muscles of the Lepidopterous male genitalia. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 32 (1): 1-10.
GODMAN, F.D. & SALVIN, O., 1885.- Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lep. Rhopalocera, 2: 782 pp. + figs. Dulau & Co., London.
GOSSE, P.H., 1883.- On the clasping-organs ancilliary to generation in certain groups of the Lepidoptera. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 2 (6): 265-345, + pls.
HERRERA, J.A. & HOWARTH, T.G., 1966.- Genitalia de los tipos de Satyridae de Chile depositados en el British Museum. Publ. Centr. Est. Ent: 73-126 + figs.
KIRBY, W., 1871.- A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera: 690 pp. John Van Voorst, London.
KLOTS, A.B., 1931.- A Generic revision of the Pieridae (Lep.) together with a study of the male genitalia. Ent. Amer., 12 (3): 139-142 + figs.
KLOTS, A.B., 1970.- Lepidoptera (in) Tuxen S.L. ed. Taxonomist's Glossary of Genitalia in Insects: 115-129 + figs. Scand. Un. Brooks, M. Copenhagen.
LAMAS, G., 2004.- (ed.) Charaxinae-Anaeini, 5A: 224-234. Checklist, part 4A Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea (in) Heppner J. ed. Atlas of the Neotropical Lepidoptera, ATL + Scient. Publ. Gainesville.
LERAUT, P., 2013.- Espéces et genres des Pyralinae (Lep. Pyr.). Bull. Ent. Soc. France, 18 (1): 41-72 + figs.
LÖDL, M., 2001.- Morphometry and relation pattern in male genitalia of Noctuidae (Lep. Noct.). Quadrifina, 4: 10-33 + figs.
MARCONATO, G., 2008.- Análise cladística de Charaxinae Guenée (Lep. Nymph.). Tesis: 180 pp. + figs. U. de São Paulo, Brasil.
MANJARRÉS, E. & MOLANO, F., 2015.- Estudio de la variación en la genitalia masculina de las especies de la tribu Phanaeini (Col. Scarab.). en Colombia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U.de Caldas, 19 (1): 245-257 + figs.
NEWELL, A., 1918.- The comparative morphology of genitalia of Insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 11 (2): 109-142 + figs.
OKADA, Y., 2009.- Illustrations of male genitalia of Papilionidae. Yadoriga, Lep. Soc. Japan, 221: 33-41 + figs.
OKADA, Y., 2011.- Illustrations of male genitalia of Papilionidae. Yadoriga, Lep. Soc. Japan, 231: 57-61 + figs.
ROBINSON, G., 1976.- The preparation of slide of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to Microlepidoptera. Ent. Gaz., 27: 127-132.
RÖBER, J., 1916.- 66 Gattung Anaea Hbn (in) Seitz, A. ed. Die Gross-Schemetterlinge der Erde, 5: 577-592 + pls. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart.
SALAZAR, J.A., 1998.- On some records in females of the colombian Lepidoptera (Ins. Lep.). SHILAP, 26 (104): 207-213 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2004.- Patrones de coloración en algunos Charaxidae de Colombia y sus modelos mullerianos (Lep. Nymph.). Lambillionea, 104 (1): 109-120 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2008.- Some studies on palpi belonging to neotropical Charaxidae with notes on wing pattern and behavior of several genera (Lep. Nymph.). Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 12: 171-205 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2014.- Fountainea centaurus (Felder, 1867) y su posible relación con Muyshondia tyrianthina (S. & G., 1868) (Lep. Nymph, Charax.). Bol. Mus. Ent. Francisco Luis Gallego, 6 (2): 16-21 + figs.
SALAZAR. J.A. & CONSTANTINO, L.M., 2001.- Synthesis of the colombian Charaxidae and Description of new genera for Southamerica: Rydonia, Annagrapha, Pseudocharaxes, Muyshondtia, Zikania. Lambillionea, 101 (2), supp. 3: 344-369 + figs.
SCOBLE, M.J., 1995.- The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity: 404 pp. + figs. The Nat. Hist. Mus. Oxford, Un. Press.
SOLANO, K.V. & RAMÍREZ-MORA, A., 2015.- Morfología de los genitales masculinos de tres especies de Muscidae (Ins. Dipt.) de importancia forense en Colombia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 19 (1): 235-244 + figs.
STICHEL, H., 1939.- Lepidopterorum Catalogus (in) Bryk, F. ed. Nymphalidae III, Charaxidinae II, 93: 628-794. W. Junk S' Gravenhage.
STAUDINGER, O., 1887.- Exotische Tagfalter, Systematischer Reihenfulge mit berück neuer Arten. I theil. Exotische Schmetterlinge: 333 pp. + pls. Fürth G. Lowersohn.
SCHATZ, E., 1892.- Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter (in) Exotische Schmetterlinge: 282 pp. + figs. Verlag, Lowensohn, Bayern.
STEKOL'NIKOV, A., 1967.- Phylogenetic relationships within the Rhopalocera on the basis of the functional morphology of the genital apparatus. Ent. Rev., 46 (1): 1-11.
VILLALOBOS, A., 2013.- Nueva especie de mariposas (Lep.Nymph.Sat.) para los Andes colombianos. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 17(1): 268-275 + figs.
VILLALOBOS, A. & GÓMEZ, I. J., 2015.- Contribución a la distribución de las mariposas del género Morpho Fab., 1807 (Lep. Nymph. Morph.) en el nororiente del departamento de Santander y estudio de su genitalia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 19(2): 281-289 + figs.
WITT, T., 1966.- Die weibchen von Anaea hirta Wymer und Anaea pasibula Doubleday (Lep. Nymph.). Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 5-6: 186-189 +figs.
WITT, T., 1977.- Zur Tagfalterfauna der Chanchamayogebietes in Peru, teil II Charaxinae. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 66: 141-177 + figs.
BONFANTI, D., 2010.- Genitalia masculina de Charaxinae neotropical (Lep. Nymph.) uma análise comparada da variação dos caracteres. Tesis: 119 pp. + figs. U. Federal do Paraná, Brasil.
BONFANTI, D., CASAGRANDE, M. & MIELKE, O., 2013.- Male genitalia of Neotropical Charaxinae: a comparative analysis of character variation. J. Insect Science, 13 (35): 1-54 + figs.
BONFANTI, D., CASAGRANDE, M. & MIELKE, O., 2015.- Exoskeleton morphology of three species of Preponini, with discussion of morphological similarities among neotropical Charaxinae (Lep. Nymph.), I. Head, Cephalic appendages, and cervix. Zoological Science, 32: 278-283 + figs.
BURNS, J., 1997.- Presidential address 1996: On the beauties, uses, variation and handling of genitalia. J. Lepid. Soc., 51 (1): 1-8 + figs.
CALDAS, A., 1997.- Notes on the male genitalia of the Anaea ryphea- Anaea eurypyle complex (Lep. Nymph.). J. Lepid. Soc., 51 (1): 83-90 + figs.
CHAPMAN, J.A., 1916.- vi. On the pairing of the plebeiidi blue butterfliesd (Lyc. Pleb.). Trans. Ent. Soc. London, I: 156-180, + pls.
COMSTOCK, W.P., 1961.- Butterflies of the American Tropics: the genus Anaea (Lep. Nymph). Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6-7 + figs. Pls. N.Y.
D'ALMEIDA, R.F., 1940.- Contribuição ao estudo dos Mechanitidae (Lep. Rhop.). Rev. Ent., 11 (3): 758-766 + figs.
D'ABRERA, B., 1988.- Butterflies of the Neotropical Region, Nymphalidae, 5: 680-723 + figs. Hill House, Victoria.
DIAS, F.M., 2013.- Taxonomia e análise filogenética de Memphis (Hübner, 1819) e gêneros afins (Lep. Nymph. Charax.). basada em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. Tesis: 283 pp. + figs. U. Federal do Paraná, Brasil.
DRUCE, H., 1877.- A revision of the Lepidopterous genus Paphia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 632-652 + pls.
EHRLICH, P. & EHRLICH, A., 1961.- How to know the Butterflies. W.S. comp. publ., Dubuque, Iowa.
FORSTER, W., 1964.- Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens, XIX Ver. Zool. Staat. München, 8: 51-188 + figs.
FRANCY, C.F., 2006.- External genitalia of some Indian Lymantrids (Lep. Lym.). Millenium Zool., 7 (1): 29-32 + figs.
FORBES, W.T.M., 1939.- The muscles of the Lepidopterous male genitalia. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 32 (1): 1-10.
GODMAN, F.D. & SALVIN, O., 1885.- Biologia Centrali-Americana, Lep. Rhopalocera, 2: 782 pp. + figs. Dulau & Co., London.
GOSSE, P.H., 1883.- On the clasping-organs ancilliary to generation in certain groups of the Lepidoptera. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 2 (6): 265-345, + pls.
HERRERA, J.A. & HOWARTH, T.G., 1966.- Genitalia de los tipos de Satyridae de Chile depositados en el British Museum. Publ. Centr. Est. Ent: 73-126 + figs.
KIRBY, W., 1871.- A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera: 690 pp. John Van Voorst, London.
KLOTS, A.B., 1931.- A Generic revision of the Pieridae (Lep.) together with a study of the male genitalia. Ent. Amer., 12 (3): 139-142 + figs.
KLOTS, A.B., 1970.- Lepidoptera (in) Tuxen S.L. ed. Taxonomist's Glossary of Genitalia in Insects: 115-129 + figs. Scand. Un. Brooks, M. Copenhagen.
LAMAS, G., 2004.- (ed.) Charaxinae-Anaeini, 5A: 224-234. Checklist, part 4A Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea (in) Heppner J. ed. Atlas of the Neotropical Lepidoptera, ATL + Scient. Publ. Gainesville.
LERAUT, P., 2013.- Espéces et genres des Pyralinae (Lep. Pyr.). Bull. Ent. Soc. France, 18 (1): 41-72 + figs.
LÖDL, M., 2001.- Morphometry and relation pattern in male genitalia of Noctuidae (Lep. Noct.). Quadrifina, 4: 10-33 + figs.
MARCONATO, G., 2008.- Análise cladística de Charaxinae Guenée (Lep. Nymph.). Tesis: 180 pp. + figs. U. de São Paulo, Brasil.
MANJARRÉS, E. & MOLANO, F., 2015.- Estudio de la variación en la genitalia masculina de las especies de la tribu Phanaeini (Col. Scarab.). en Colombia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U.de Caldas, 19 (1): 245-257 + figs.
NEWELL, A., 1918.- The comparative morphology of genitalia of Insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 11 (2): 109-142 + figs.
OKADA, Y., 2009.- Illustrations of male genitalia of Papilionidae. Yadoriga, Lep. Soc. Japan, 221: 33-41 + figs.
OKADA, Y., 2011.- Illustrations of male genitalia of Papilionidae. Yadoriga, Lep. Soc. Japan, 231: 57-61 + figs.
ROBINSON, G., 1976.- The preparation of slide of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to Microlepidoptera. Ent. Gaz., 27: 127-132.
RÖBER, J., 1916.- 66 Gattung Anaea Hbn (in) Seitz, A. ed. Die Gross-Schemetterlinge der Erde, 5: 577-592 + pls. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart.
SALAZAR, J.A., 1998.- On some records in females of the colombian Lepidoptera (Ins. Lep.). SHILAP, 26 (104): 207-213 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2004.- Patrones de coloración en algunos Charaxidae de Colombia y sus modelos mullerianos (Lep. Nymph.). Lambillionea, 104 (1): 109-120 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2008.- Some studies on palpi belonging to neotropical Charaxidae with notes on wing pattern and behavior of several genera (Lep. Nymph.). Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 12: 171-205 + figs.
SALAZAR, J.A., 2014.- Fountainea centaurus (Felder, 1867) y su posible relación con Muyshondia tyrianthina (S. & G., 1868) (Lep. Nymph, Charax.). Bol. Mus. Ent. Francisco Luis Gallego, 6 (2): 16-21 + figs.
SALAZAR. J.A. & CONSTANTINO, L.M., 2001.- Synthesis of the colombian Charaxidae and Description of new genera for Southamerica: Rydonia, Annagrapha, Pseudocharaxes, Muyshondtia, Zikania. Lambillionea, 101 (2), supp. 3: 344-369 + figs.
SCOBLE, M.J., 1995.- The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity: 404 pp. + figs. The Nat. Hist. Mus. Oxford, Un. Press.
SOLANO, K.V. & RAMÍREZ-MORA, A., 2015.- Morfología de los genitales masculinos de tres especies de Muscidae (Ins. Dipt.) de importancia forense en Colombia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 19 (1): 235-244 + figs.
STICHEL, H., 1939.- Lepidopterorum Catalogus (in) Bryk, F. ed. Nymphalidae III, Charaxidinae II, 93: 628-794. W. Junk S' Gravenhage.
STAUDINGER, O., 1887.- Exotische Tagfalter, Systematischer Reihenfulge mit berück neuer Arten. I theil. Exotische Schmetterlinge: 333 pp. + pls. Fürth G. Lowersohn.
SCHATZ, E., 1892.- Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter (in) Exotische Schmetterlinge: 282 pp. + figs. Verlag, Lowensohn, Bayern.
STEKOL'NIKOV, A., 1967.- Phylogenetic relationships within the Rhopalocera on the basis of the functional morphology of the genital apparatus. Ent. Rev., 46 (1): 1-11.
VILLALOBOS, A., 2013.- Nueva especie de mariposas (Lep.Nymph.Sat.) para los Andes colombianos. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 17(1): 268-275 + figs.
VILLALOBOS, A. & GÓMEZ, I. J., 2015.- Contribución a la distribución de las mariposas del género Morpho Fab., 1807 (Lep. Nymph. Morph.) en el nororiente del departamento de Santander y estudio de su genitalia. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas, 19(2): 281-289 + figs.
WITT, T., 1966.- Die weibchen von Anaea hirta Wymer und Anaea pasibula Doubleday (Lep. Nymph.). Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 5-6: 186-189 +figs.
WITT, T., 1977.- Zur Tagfalterfauna der Chanchamayogebietes in Peru, teil II Charaxinae. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 66: 141-177 + figs.
