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Publication Date: 2013-01-01
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Viña, A., & Estévez, J. (2013). La fragmentación de un bosque tropical de tierras bajas en una región transfronteriza: Colombia y Ecuador. Boletín Científico. Centro De Museos, 17(1), 53–63. Retrieved from https://ucaldas.metarevistas.org/index.php/boletincientifico/article/view/4518
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Abstract
The conversion of tropical forest ecosystems to agro-pastoral ecosystems and other land uses continues unabated in Latin America. The present document constitutes a comparative study in which the degree of forest fragmentation through a 23-year period (between 1973 and 1996) was evaluated in two areas located within the same ecological region, but in two different countries (Colombia and Ecuador) which exhibit different patterns of human colonization. Landscape structure rates were used to evaluate the degree of forest fragmentation at both sides of the international border. Results show that the extent of forest fragmentation has been considerably higher on the Colombian side, suggesting that the natural ecosystems might be subject to higher degradation pressures, with potentially important detrimental effects on the abundance and distribution of the biota.
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References
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NEPSTAD, D.C. MOREIRA, A. VERISSIMO, A. LEFEBVRE, P. SCHLESINGER, P. POTTER, C. NOBRE, C. SETZER, A. KRUG, T. BARROS, A.C. ALENCAR, A. & PEREIRA, J.R., 1998. Forest fire prediction and prevention in the Brazilian Amazon. Conservation Biology 12:951-953.
NEPSTAD, D.C. VARISSIMO, A. ALENCAR, A. NOBRE, C. LIMA, E. LEFEBVRE, P. SCHLESINGER, P. POTTER, C. MOUTINHO, P. MENDOZA, E. COCHRANE, M. & BROOKS, V., 1999. Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire. Nature 398: 505-508.
NOSS, R., 1983. A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. BioScience 33 (11): 700-706.
PATTON, D.R., 1975. A diversity index for quantifying habitat edge. Wildlife Society Bulletin 3: 171-173.
PRANCE, G.T., 1977. The phytogeographical support for the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon basin, based on evidence from distribution patterns in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dychapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae. Acta Amazonica 3: 5-8.
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SAUNDERS, D.A. HOBBS, R.J. & MARGULES, C.R., 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review. Conservation Biology 5: 18-32.
SCHUMAKER, N.H., 1996. Using landscape indices to predict habitat connectivity. Ecology 77:1210-1225.
SIMBERLOFF, D., 1976. Species turnover and equilibrium island biogeography. Science 194:572-578.
SIMBERLOFF, D., 1990. Species-area relationships, fragmentation, and extinction in tropical forests. In: Proceedings of the international conference on tropical biodiversity "In Harmony with Nature". Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
SOUBIES, F. SUGUIO, K. & VOLKMER-RIBEIRO, C., 1998. Amazonia rainforest fires: A lacustrine record of 7000 years. Ambio 27: 139-142.
TURNER, M.G., 1989. Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern and process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20: 171-197.
VIÑA, A. & CAVELIER, J., 1999. Deforestation rates (1938-1988) of tropical lowland forests on the Andean foothills of Colombia. Biotropica 31: 31-36.
VIÑA, A. ECHAVARRIA, F.R. & RUNDQUIST, D.C., 2004. Satellite change detection analysis of deforestation rates and patterns along the Colombia-Ecuador border. AMBIO 33: 118-125.
WALKER, L.R. SILVER, W.L. WILLIG, M.R. & ZIMMERMAN, J.K., (Eds.). 1996. Long Term Responses of Caribbean Ecosystems to Disturbance. Biotropica 28 (4a). Special Issue.
WILCOVE, D.S. MCLELLAN, C.H. & DOBSON, A.P., 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. In: Soule, M.E. (Ed.). Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. Massachusetts.
WILCOX, B.A., 1980. Insular Ecology and Conservation. In: Soule, M.E. & Wilcox, B.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. Sunderland, Massachussetts.
AS, S., 1999. Invasion of matrix species in small habitat patches. Conservation Ecology [online] 3(1):1. Available from the Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol3/iss1/art1.
CHAZDON, R.L., 1999. Tropical forests: Log them or leave them? Science 281: 1295.
COCHRANE, M.A., ALENCAR, A. SCHULZE, M.D. SOUZA, C.M. NEPSTAD, D.C. LEFEBVRE, P. & DAVIDSON, E.A., 1999. Positive feedbacks in the fire dynamic of closed canopy tropical forests. Science 284:1832-1835.
DALE, V.H. & PEARSON, S.M., 1997. Quantifying habitat fragmentation due to land use change in Amazonia. In: Laurance, W.F. & Bierregaard, R.O. (Eds.) Tropical forest remnants. Ecology, management and conservation of fragmented communities. Pp. 400-409. The University of Chicago Press.
DODSON, C.H. & GENTRY, A.H., 1991. Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 273-295.
ERDAS., 1997. ERDAS Field Guide. Atlanta, Georgia: ERDAS, Inc.
GENTRY, A.H., 1992. Tropical forest biodiversity: Distributional patterns and their conservational significance. Oikos, 63: 19-28.
HARRIS, L.D., 1984. The fragmented forest. Island biogeography theory and the preservation of biotic diversity. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago and London.
HERNÁNDEZ-CAMACHO, J. HURTADO-GUERRA, A. ORTIZ-QUIJANO, R. & WALSCHBURGER, T., 1992. Unidades biogeográficas de Colombia. In: Halffter, G. (Ed.). La diversidad biológica de Iberoamérica. Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Mexico.
HOLDRIDGE, L.R., 1967. Life zone ecology. Tropical science center. San José, Costa Rica.
JENSEN, J.R., 1996. Introductory digital image processing. A remote sensing perspective. Second Edition. Prentice Hall.
MCGARIGAL, K. & MARKS, B.J., 1995. FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351. United States Deparment of Agriculture. Pacific Northwest Research Station.
MEFFE, G.K. & CARROLL, C.R., 1997. Principles of Conservation Biology. 2nd.Edition. Sunderland, Mass. Sinauer
MERRIAM G. & WEGNER, J., 1992. Local extinctions, habitat fragmentation and ecotones. Chapter 9 in: Hansen, A.J. & DiCastri, F. (Eds.). Landscape boundaries. Springer-Verlag.
METZGER, J.P., 1997. Relationships between landscape structure and tree species diversity in tropical forests of South-east Brazil. Landscape and Urban Planning 37: 29-35.
NEPSTAD, D.C. MOREIRA, A. VERISSIMO, A. LEFEBVRE, P. SCHLESINGER, P. POTTER, C. NOBRE, C. SETZER, A. KRUG, T. BARROS, A.C. ALENCAR, A. & PEREIRA, J.R., 1998. Forest fire prediction and prevention in the Brazilian Amazon. Conservation Biology 12:951-953.
NEPSTAD, D.C. VARISSIMO, A. ALENCAR, A. NOBRE, C. LIMA, E. LEFEBVRE, P. SCHLESINGER, P. POTTER, C. MOUTINHO, P. MENDOZA, E. COCHRANE, M. & BROOKS, V., 1999. Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire. Nature 398: 505-508.
NOSS, R., 1983. A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. BioScience 33 (11): 700-706.
PATTON, D.R., 1975. A diversity index for quantifying habitat edge. Wildlife Society Bulletin 3: 171-173.
PRANCE, G.T., 1977. The phytogeographical support for the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon basin, based on evidence from distribution patterns in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dychapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae. Acta Amazonica 3: 5-8.
SALDARRIAGA, J.G. & WEST, D.C., 1986. Holocene fires in the northern Amazon basin. Quaternary Research 26: 358-366.
SAUNDERS, D.A. HOBBS, R.J. & MARGULES, C.R., 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review. Conservation Biology 5: 18-32.
SCHUMAKER, N.H., 1996. Using landscape indices to predict habitat connectivity. Ecology 77:1210-1225.
SIMBERLOFF, D., 1976. Species turnover and equilibrium island biogeography. Science 194:572-578.
SIMBERLOFF, D., 1990. Species-area relationships, fragmentation, and extinction in tropical forests. In: Proceedings of the international conference on tropical biodiversity "In Harmony with Nature". Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
SOUBIES, F. SUGUIO, K. & VOLKMER-RIBEIRO, C., 1998. Amazonia rainforest fires: A lacustrine record of 7000 years. Ambio 27: 139-142.
TURNER, M.G., 1989. Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern and process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20: 171-197.
VIÑA, A. & CAVELIER, J., 1999. Deforestation rates (1938-1988) of tropical lowland forests on the Andean foothills of Colombia. Biotropica 31: 31-36.
VIÑA, A. ECHAVARRIA, F.R. & RUNDQUIST, D.C., 2004. Satellite change detection analysis of deforestation rates and patterns along the Colombia-Ecuador border. AMBIO 33: 118-125.
WALKER, L.R. SILVER, W.L. WILLIG, M.R. & ZIMMERMAN, J.K., (Eds.). 1996. Long Term Responses of Caribbean Ecosystems to Disturbance. Biotropica 28 (4a). Special Issue.
WILCOVE, D.S. MCLELLAN, C.H. & DOBSON, A.P., 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. In: Soule, M.E. (Ed.). Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. Massachusetts.
WILCOX, B.A., 1980. Insular Ecology and Conservation. In: Soule, M.E. & Wilcox, B.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. Sunderland, Massachussetts.
