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Ruiz Arboleda, S. (2022). Psicofármacos, drogas y neuro-gubernamentalidad. Legalidad y “la clínica”. ¿Quién gobierna la prescripción?. Cultura Y Droga, 27(34), 17–41. https://doi.org/10.17151/culdr.2022.27.34.2
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Sebastián Ruiz Arboleda
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Objetivos: explorar los conceptos gubernamentalidad, biopoder y subjetificación, observándolos junto la evolución del discurso neuroexplicativo contemporáneo, y revisar críticamente un gesto legislativo local sobre cannabis, intentando corroborar la coherencia entre este, las neuronarrativas de los padecimientos y los problemas pendientes en salud neurológica y mental. Métodos: ejercicio de reflexión crítica sobre una selección de bibliografía digital. Resultados y conclusiones: cuando la salud mental es un asunto gubernamental, la primera línea es el uso de psicofármacos y estigmatización. La disponibilidad de neuro-saberes permite el ejercicio del poder mediante la aplicación de dispositivos tecnológicos sobre los cerebros (en representación de las personas) y las relaciones entre mentes, personas y cosas como los psicofármacos llamados “drogas”. Una visión crítica de la legislación sobre cannabis en Colombia muestra que esta no parece buscar el beneficio poblacional ni
es coherente con un abordaje integral de la enfermedad neuropsiquiátrica en el país.
Palabras clave:
Citas
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Camargo, R. y Ried, N. (2016). Towards a genealogy of pharmacological practice. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 19(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11019-015-9648-3
Contreras-Rodríguez, O., Pujol, J., Batalla, I., Harrison, B. J., Soriano-Mas, C., Deus, J., López-Solà, M., Macià, D., Pera, V., Hernández-Ribas, R., Pifarré, J., Menchón, J. M. y Cardoner, N. (2015). Functional Connectivity Bias in the Prefrontal Cortex of Psychopaths. Biological Psychiatry, 78(9), 647-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.007
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Ferber, S. G., Namdar, D., Hen-Shoval, D., Eger, G., Koltai, H., Shoval, G., Shbiro, L. y Weller, A. (2020). The “Entourage Effect”: Terpenes Coupled with
Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, 18(2), 87-96.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666190903103923
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JAMA Neurology, 78(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4152
Gooch, C. L., Pracht, E. y Borenstein, A. R. (2017). The burden of neurological disease in the United States: A summary report and call to action: Burden of Neurological Disease. Annals of Neurology, 81(4), 479-484. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24897
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National Academy of Sciences, 95(14), 8268-8273.
Hillhouse, T. M. y Porter, J. H. (2015). A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: From monoamines to glutamate. Experimental and Clinical
Psychopharmacology, 23(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038550
Hofhansel, L., Weidler, C., Votinov, M., Clemens, B., Raine, A. y Habel, U. (2020). Morphology of the criminal brain: Gray matter reductions are linked to antisocial behavior in offenders. Brain Structure and Function, 225(7), 2017-2028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02106-6
Howell, J. D. (2016). Early clinical use of the X-Ray. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 127, 9.
Krauss, J. (2021, noviembre 9). Colombian leader sees opportunity in cannabis, but not coca. AP NEWS. https://bit.ly/3SwIhQk
Lameka, K., Farwell, M. D. y Ichise, M. (2016). Positron Emission Tomography. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 135, 209-227). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00011-8
Lawlor, L. y Nale, J. (Eds.). (2013). Subjectification. In The Cambridge Foucault Lexicon (pp. 496-502). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022309.087
Lee, M. (2011). The history of Ephedra (ma-huang). Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 41(1), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.4997/JRCPE.2011.116
Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., Taylor, J. L. y Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4
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Martínez-Hernaez, A. (2020). Neuronarratives of Affliction: Antidepressants, Neuropolitics and the “Entrepreneur of Oneself”. Culture, Medicine, and
Psychiatry, 44(2), 230-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09651-8
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Mecha, M., Carrillo-Salinas, F. J., Feliú, A., Mestre, L. y Guaza, C. (2020). Perspectives on Cannabis-Based Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00034
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El Colombiano. (2021, noviembre 18). Congreso hunde proyecto que regularía el uso recreativo de marihuana. https://bit.ly/3bxGPMV
eQTLGen Consortium, BIOS Consortium, the Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Stahl, E. A., Breen, G., Forstner, A. J.,
McQuillin, A., Ripke, S., Trubetskoy, V., Mattheisen, M., Wang, Y., Coleman, J. R. I., Gaspar, H. A., de Leeuw, C. A., Steinberg, S., Pavlides, J. M. W., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Pers, T. H., … Sklar, P. (2019). Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Nature Genetics, 51(5), 793-803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0397-8
Ferber, S. G., Namdar, D., Hen-Shoval, D., Eger, G., Koltai, H., Shoval, G., Shbiro, L. y Weller, A. (2020). The “Entourage Effect”: Terpenes Coupled with
Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, 18(2), 87-96.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666190903103923
Foucault, M. (2011). El nacimiento de la clínica: una arqueología de la mirada médica. Siglo Veintiuno Editores.
Foucault, M., Senellart, Michel, Ewald, F., Fontana, A. y Pons, H. (2018). Seguridad, territorio, población: Curso en el College de France (1977-1978). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
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GBD 2017 US Neurological Disorders Collaborators. (2021). Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US From 1990-2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study.
JAMA Neurology, 78(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4152
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Hampson, A. J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J. y Wink, D. (1998). Cannabidiol and (-) 9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 95(14), 8268-8273.
Hillhouse, T. M. y Porter, J. H. (2015). A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: From monoamines to glutamate. Experimental and Clinical
Psychopharmacology, 23(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038550
Hofhansel, L., Weidler, C., Votinov, M., Clemens, B., Raine, A. y Habel, U. (2020). Morphology of the criminal brain: Gray matter reductions are linked to antisocial behavior in offenders. Brain Structure and Function, 225(7), 2017-2028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02106-6
Howell, J. D. (2016). Early clinical use of the X-Ray. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 127, 9.
Krauss, J. (2021, noviembre 9). Colombian leader sees opportunity in cannabis, but not coca. AP NEWS. https://bit.ly/3SwIhQk
Lameka, K., Farwell, M. D. y Ichise, M. (2016). Positron Emission Tomography. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 135, 209-227). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00011-8
Lawlor, L. y Nale, J. (Eds.). (2013). Subjectification. In The Cambridge Foucault Lexicon (pp. 496-502). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022309.087
Lee, M. (2011). The history of Ephedra (ma-huang). Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 41(1), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.4997/JRCPE.2011.116
Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., Taylor, J. L. y Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4
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Martínez-Hernaez, A. (2020). Neuronarratives of Affliction: Antidepressants, Neuropolitics and the “Entrepreneur of Oneself”. Culture, Medicine, and
Psychiatry, 44(2), 230-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09651-8
Matthews, S., Dwyer, R. y Snoek, A. (2017). Stigma and Self-Stigma in Addiction. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 14(2), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-017-9784-y
McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D’Alessio, A. C., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G. y Meaney, M. J. (2009). Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nature Neuroscience, 12(3), 342-348. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2270
Mecha, M., Carrillo-Salinas, F. J., Feliú, A., Mestre, L. y Guaza, C. (2020). Perspectives on Cannabis-Based Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00034
Mejía, O. (2021, noviembre 10). En Manizales buscan incentivar vacunación anticovid con bono de $30 mil para rumba. La Patria. https://bit.ly/3zADJ2G
Mirescu, C., Peters, J. D. y Gould, E. (2004). Early life experience alters response of adult neurogenesis to stress. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 841-846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1290
Moisse, K. (2012). DSM-5 Criticized for Financial Conflicts of Interest. ABC News. https://abcn.ws/2QPSrdR
More, S. V. y Choi, D.-K. (2015). Promising cannabinoid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease: Motor symptoms to neuroprotection. Molecular
Neurodegeneration, 10(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-015-0012-0
OCDE. (2017). Health at a Glance 2017. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2017-en
Pellagatti, F. y Suardiaz, C. W. (2021). Cannabis as counterhegemony: Breaks and strategic bets in daily life. Cultura y Droga, 26(31), 21.
Pigott, H. E., Leventhal, A. M., Alter, G. S. y Boren, J. J. (2010). Efficacy and Effectiveness of Antidepressants: Current Status of Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79(5), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000318293
Plemmons, A. (2021, septiembre 22). Why Your Therapist Should Be Able to Prescribe Pills. US News & World Report. https://bit.ly/3QSOh4h
Raine, A., Yang, Y., Narr, K. L. y Toga, A. W. (2011). Sex differences in orbitofrontal gray as a partial explanation for sex differences in antisocial personality. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.136
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