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Torres-Torres, J. J., Quinto Mosquera, H., & Medina-Arroyo, H. H. (2023). Woody species diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in post-mining forests of the Biogeographic Chocó. Boletín Científico. Centro De Museos, 27(2), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2023.27.2.1
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Authors
Jhon Jerley Torres-Torres
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Harley Quinto Mosquera
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the diversity of woody species and their relationship with environmental variables in post-mining forests of the Biogeographic Chocó. Materials and methods: Ten sampling units of 0.25 ha were established in post-mining forests of 15 and 35 years of recovery (five in each forest). Woody vegetation with DBH ≥ 5 cm was characterized. Soil samples were taken and species richness was graphically represented in curves of species area and individual species. The species abundance distribution (SAD) was analyzed. The ordination was carried out using the RDA and, finally, variance partitioning was performed, selecting the soil matrix (specifically phosphorus - P and potassium - K content) and spatial matrix (PCNM 2) as variables. Results: It was observed that 15-year post-mining forests were more diverse than 35-year forests. Species abundance was log-normally distributed and the ordination allowed the identification of four groups. One of the groups was explained by plot location (spatial variable) and three by environmental variables (P and K content). The variance partitioning allowed us to identify that the differences in floristic composition of the 15 and 35 year old post-mining forests are mostly explained by environmental variables with 40%, while at the spatial level the variation is null. Conclusion: The floristic variability of the sampled sites is related to the type and intensity of mining intervention, soil nutrients and, to some extent, to the location of tree individuals.
Keywords:
References
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Dray, S., Legendre, P. y Peres-Neto, P. R. (2006). Spatial modelling: a comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecological Modelling, 196(3-4), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.015
Duque, A., Muller-Landau, H. C., Valencia, R., Cardenas, D., Davies, Stuart A., de Oliveira, A. J., Romero-Saltos, H. y Vicentini, A. (2016). Insights into regional patterns of Amazonian forest structure, diversity, and dominance from three large terra-firme forest dynamics plots. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26, 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1265-9
Espejo, J. C., Messinger, M., Román-Dañobeytia, F., Ascorra, C. y Luis, E. (2018). Deforestation and forest degradation due to gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon: A 34-year perspective. Remote Sensing,10, 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10121903
Feldpausch, T. R., Rondon, M. A., Fernandes, E. C. M., Riha, S. J. y Wandelli, E. (2004). Carbon and nutrient accumulation in secondary forests regenerating on pastures in central Amazonia. Ecological Applications, 14(4), 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6015
Fuentes, H. J., Ferrucho, C. C. y Martínez, W. A. (2021). La minería y su impacto en el desarrollo económico en Colombia. Apuntes del CENES, 40(71), 189-216. https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v40.n71.2021.12225
González-Caro, S., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Balslev, H., Cavelier, J. Grández, C., Macía, M. J., Romero-Saltos, H., Sánchez, M.
Valencia, R. y Duque, Á. (2020). Scale-dependent drivers of the phylogenetic structure and similarity of tree communities in northwestern Amazonia. Journal of Ecology, 00, 1-12
Hedin, L. O., Brookshire, J., D. Menge y Barron, A. R. (2009). The Nitrogen Paradox in Tropical Forest Ecosystems. The annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 40, 613-635. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110246
Kalamandeen, M., Gloor, E., Johnson, I., Agard, S., Katow, M., Vanbrooke, A., Ashley, D., Batterman, S. A., Ziv, G., HolderCollins, K., Phillips, O. L., Brondizio, E. S., Vieira, I., y Galbraith, D. (2020). Limited biomass recovery from gold mining in Amazonian forests. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(9), 1730–1740. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13669
Kraft, N., Valencia, R. y Ackerly, D. D. (2008). Functional Traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an Amazonian forest. Science, 322, 580-582. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160662
Lara-Rodríguez, J. S., Tosi, A. y Altimiras-Martin, A. (2020). Minería del platino y el oro en Chocó: pobreza, riqueza natural e informalidad. Revista de Economía Institucional, 22(42). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3495556
Legendre, P. (2008). Studying beta diversity: ecological variation partitioning by multiple regression and canonical analysis. Journal of plant Ecology, 1(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtm001
Legendre, P. y Gallagher, E. D. (2001). Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecología, 129(2), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100716
Legendre, P. y Legendre, L. F. J. (2012). Numerical ecology (Vol. 24). Elsevier.
Legendre, P., Borcard, D. y Peres-Neto, P. R. (2005). Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecological Monographs,75(4), 435-450. https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0549
Loke, L. H. L. y Chisholm, R. A. (2023). Unveiling the transition from niche to dispersal assembly in ecology. Nature, 618, 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06161-x
Mena-Mosquera, V. E., Andrade, H. J. y Torres-Torres, J. J. (2020). Composición florística, estructura y diversidad del bosque pluvial tropical de la subcuenca del río Munguidó, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia. Entramado, 16(1), 204-215. https://doi. org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.1.6109
Mosquera-Andrade, D. H. (2014). Motores de la deforestación del bosque húmedo Tropical bh-T de la región noroccidental colombiana. Investigación, Biodiversidad y Desarrollo, 33(2), 96-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18636/riutch.v33i2%20Jul-Dic.519
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. y Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P., O’Hara, R. y Wagner, H. (2013). Vegan: community ecology package. R Package Version. 2.1-25/r2418. http://R-Forge.Rproject.org/projects/vegan/
Oksanen, J., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Friendly, M., Kindt, R. y Legendre, P. (2019). Vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2–5.
Oktavia, D., Setiadib, Y. y Hilwanc, I. (2015). The comparison of soil properties in heath forest and posttin mined land: Basic for ecosystem restoration. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.018
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Phillips, O. L. y Jackson, R. B. (2013). The Structure, Distribution, and Biomass of the World’s Forests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 44(1): 593-622. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135914
Paoli, G. D., Curran, L. M. y Zak, D. R. (2005). Phosphorus efficiency of aboveground productivity in Bornean rain forest: evidence against the unimodal efficiency hypothesis. Ecology, 86(6), 1548-1561. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1126
Peres-Neto, P. R., Legendre, P., Dray, S. y Borcard, D. (2006). Variación partición de matrices de datos de especies: Estimación y comparación de fracciones. Ecología, 87(10), 2614-2625.
Poveda, I. C., Rojas, C., Rudas, A. y Rangel-C., O. (2004). El Chocó biogeográfico: Ambiente Físico. En O Rangel-C. (eds), Colombia Diversidad Biótica IV. El Chocó biogeográfico/ Costa Pacífica. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Prado, P. I. y Miranda, M. D. (2013) Fitting species abundance model with maximum likelihood Quick reference for sads package. 1-20. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sads/vignettes/sads_intro.pdf
Quinto, H., Cuesta-Nagles, J., Mosquera-Sánchez, I., Palacios-Hinestroza, L. y Peñaloza, H. (2013). Biomasa vegetal en zonas degradadas por minería en un bosque pluvial tropical del Chocó Biogeográfico. Revista Biodiversidad Neotropical, 3(1), 53-64. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5168136
Quinto, H. y Moreno, F. (2014). Diversidad florística arbórea y su relación con el suelo en un bosque pluvial tropical del Chocó biogeográfico. Revista Árvore, 38(6), 1123-1132. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622014000600017
Quinto, H. y Moreno, F. (2017). Net Primary Productivity and Edaphic Fertility in Two Pluvial Tropical Forests in the Choco Biogeographical Region of Colombia. PLOS ONE, 12(4), e0175620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175620
Quinto, H., Ayala-Vivas, G. y Gutiérrez, H. (2022). Contenido de nutrientes, acidez y textura del suelo en áreas degradadas por la minería en el Chocó biogeográfico. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 46(179), 514-528. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1615
R Development Core Team. (2022) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
Ramírez, G. y Rangel-Ch., J. O. (2019). Sucesión vegetal en áreas de minería a cielo abierto en el bosque pluvial tropical del departamento del Chocó, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 43(169), 673-688. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.896
Ramírez, G., Quinto, H., Vargas, L. y Rangel-Ch., O. (2019). Temporary Effect of Mining on Breathing and on the Physicochemical Conditions of Soil. Modern Environmental Science and Engineering, 5(9), 837-848.
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