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Zambrano Quintero, L. . (2020). International mirrors for understanding the transition from FARC-EP to a political party. Jurídicas, 17(2), 240–261. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2020.17.2.13
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Authors
Liliana Zambrano Quintero
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Abstract
The transformation of rebel groups into political parties is a key element for the sustainability of peace. It is a complex process in which multiple factors intervene and whose result varies from case to case. This article inquiries about the conditions that intervene for said transition to legal political life to be more or less successful. For this purpose, a literature review of other experiences in the world that have already gone through this transition is carried out in order to identify the factors that have influenced the variety of results and to draw from them useful recommendations for the recent case of the FARC-EP in Colombia.
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References
Allison, M. (2006). The transition from armed opposition to electoral opposition in Central America. Latin American Politics and Society, 48(4), 137-162.
Cabrera, I. y Echandía, C. (2019). Retos institucionales y no institucionales para el partido Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común (FARC) en las elecciones legislativas de 2018. Estudios Políticos, 56, 92-121.
Castillejo, C. (2016). The role of ex-rebel parties in building peace. NOREF.
De Zeeuw, J. (2008). From soldiers to politicians: transforming rebel movements after civil war. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Dudouet, V. (2009). From War to Politics: Resistance/Liberation Movements in Transition. Berghof Report (15), Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Managment.
Dudouet, V., Planta, K. & Giessmann, H. (2016). The Political Transformation of Armed and Banned Groups Lessons Learned and Implications for International Support. Berlin: Berghof Foundation, United Nations Development Programme.
Finn, D. (2009). Transformation of rebel movements into political parties in transitions from civil conflict: A study of rebels´decision making amid violence in El Salvador and Zimbabwe. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 199. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=etd
Flórez, E. y Valenzuela, P. (1996). De la oposición armada al frustrado intento de alternativa democrática en Colombia. Colombia Internacional, 36, 31-40.
Freeman, M. y Giessmann, H. (2013). Proceso de Constitucionalidad D-9808-9819 acumulado. Diciembre 4. Recuperado de https://www.ifit-transitions.org/files/documents/amicus-submissionto-the-colombian-constitutional-court.pdf
García-Durán, M. (ed). (2009). De la Insurgencia a la Democracia: Estudios de caso: Colombia, Sudáfrica, Irlanda Del Norte, Acheh, Nepal, Sri Lanka. Bogotá: Cinep.
Kalyvas, S. (2010). La lógica de la Violencia en la Guerra Civil. Madrid: AKAL.
Klapdor, D. (2009). From rebels to politicians: Explaining rebel to party transformations after civil war: The case of Nepal.
Lyons, T. (2005). Demilitarizing Politics: Elections on the uncertain road to peace. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Maharaj, M. (2008). The ANC and South Africa´s negotiated transition to democracy and peace. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. Retrieved from https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Papers/Transitions_Series/transitions_anc.pdf
Manning, C. (2007). Party-building on the Heels of War: El Salvador, Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique. Democratization, 14(2), 253-272.
Manning, C. & Smith, I. (2016). Political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war. Democratization, 23(6), 972-989.
Nasi, C. (2007). Cuando callan los fusiles: impacto de la paz negociada en Colombia y en Centroamérica. Bogotá: Norma.
Ogura, K. (2008). Seeking state power: The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
Rampf, D., Llano, M., Castillo, D., Chavarro, D., Ramos, C.G., López, R.O. y Quintero, A.C. (2014). Renunciar a la opción armada. Experiencias de reintegración política de grupos insurgentes en Colombia y El Salvador. Bogotá: Cinep - Fundación Berghof.
Söderberg, M. (2007). From rebellion to politics. The transformation of rebel groups to political parties in civil war peace processes (doctoral thesis). Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden.
Söderberg, M. & Hatz, S. (2016). Rebel-to-Party transformations in civil war peace processes 1975-2011. Democratization, 23(6), 990-1008.
Zambrano, L. (2018). Ajustes institucionales para facilitar la participación política de la FARC. Memoria 56° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Salamanca. 188-198.
Zambrano-Quintero, L. (2019). La reincorporación colectiva de las FARC-EP: una apuesta estratégica en un entorno adverso. Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, (121), 45-66.
Cabrera, I. y Echandía, C. (2019). Retos institucionales y no institucionales para el partido Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común (FARC) en las elecciones legislativas de 2018. Estudios Políticos, 56, 92-121.
Castillejo, C. (2016). The role of ex-rebel parties in building peace. NOREF.
De Zeeuw, J. (2008). From soldiers to politicians: transforming rebel movements after civil war. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Dudouet, V. (2009). From War to Politics: Resistance/Liberation Movements in Transition. Berghof Report (15), Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Managment.
Dudouet, V., Planta, K. & Giessmann, H. (2016). The Political Transformation of Armed and Banned Groups Lessons Learned and Implications for International Support. Berlin: Berghof Foundation, United Nations Development Programme.
Finn, D. (2009). Transformation of rebel movements into political parties in transitions from civil conflict: A study of rebels´decision making amid violence in El Salvador and Zimbabwe. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 199. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=etd
Flórez, E. y Valenzuela, P. (1996). De la oposición armada al frustrado intento de alternativa democrática en Colombia. Colombia Internacional, 36, 31-40.
Freeman, M. y Giessmann, H. (2013). Proceso de Constitucionalidad D-9808-9819 acumulado. Diciembre 4. Recuperado de https://www.ifit-transitions.org/files/documents/amicus-submissionto-the-colombian-constitutional-court.pdf
García-Durán, M. (ed). (2009). De la Insurgencia a la Democracia: Estudios de caso: Colombia, Sudáfrica, Irlanda Del Norte, Acheh, Nepal, Sri Lanka. Bogotá: Cinep.
Kalyvas, S. (2010). La lógica de la Violencia en la Guerra Civil. Madrid: AKAL.
Klapdor, D. (2009). From rebels to politicians: Explaining rebel to party transformations after civil war: The case of Nepal.
Lyons, T. (2005). Demilitarizing Politics: Elections on the uncertain road to peace. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Maharaj, M. (2008). The ANC and South Africa´s negotiated transition to democracy and peace. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. Retrieved from https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Papers/Transitions_Series/transitions_anc.pdf
Manning, C. (2007). Party-building on the Heels of War: El Salvador, Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique. Democratization, 14(2), 253-272.
Manning, C. & Smith, I. (2016). Political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war. Democratization, 23(6), 972-989.
Nasi, C. (2007). Cuando callan los fusiles: impacto de la paz negociada en Colombia y en Centroamérica. Bogotá: Norma.
Ogura, K. (2008). Seeking state power: The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
Rampf, D., Llano, M., Castillo, D., Chavarro, D., Ramos, C.G., López, R.O. y Quintero, A.C. (2014). Renunciar a la opción armada. Experiencias de reintegración política de grupos insurgentes en Colombia y El Salvador. Bogotá: Cinep - Fundación Berghof.
Söderberg, M. (2007). From rebellion to politics. The transformation of rebel groups to political parties in civil war peace processes (doctoral thesis). Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden.
Söderberg, M. & Hatz, S. (2016). Rebel-to-Party transformations in civil war peace processes 1975-2011. Democratization, 23(6), 990-1008.
Zambrano, L. (2018). Ajustes institucionales para facilitar la participación política de la FARC. Memoria 56° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Salamanca. 188-198.
Zambrano-Quintero, L. (2019). La reincorporación colectiva de las FARC-EP: una apuesta estratégica en un entorno adverso. Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, (121), 45-66.
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