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Urueña Sánchez, M. I. . (2021). International Law, the regulation of Military and Private Security Companies (CMSP) and mercenarism: analysis, shortcomings and dynamics. Jurídicas, 18(1), 248–266. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2021.18.1.15
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Authors
Mario Iván Urueña Sánchez
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to make a multilevel analysis of different types of sources of international law on the subject of Private Military Companies (PMCs) and mercenaries. For this purpose, a documentary research that accounts for the current debate on international law and these new players will take place. This analysis will demonstrate that the political
and hegemonic dynamics of the international system determine international law at various levels to make it ambiguous and unable to regulate the PMCs.
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References
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Avant, D. (2013). Private Security. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies (pp. 425-438). Nueva York: Routledge.
Barnes, D. M. (2013). Should Private Security Companies be Employed for Counterinsurgency Operations? Journal of Military Ethics, 12(3), 201-224. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2013.847535
Bosch, S. (2007). Private security contractors and internartional humanitarian law -a skirmish for recognition in international armed conflicts-. African Security, 16(4), 34-52. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2007.9627443
Brooks, D. (2000). Messiahs or mercenaries? The future of international private military services. International Peacekeeping, 7(4), 129-144. DOI: 10.1080/13533310008413867
Cano-Linares, M. Á. (2008). El derecho internacional humanitario frente al uso de la fuerza como actividad empresarial ¿El fin de un monopolio? Anuario Derecho, XXIV, 47-77. https://hdl.handle. net/10171/21629
de Nevers, R. (2009). Private Security Companies and the Laws of War. Security Dialogue, 40 2), 169-190. DOI: 10.1177/0967010609103076
Ellington, S. (2011). The Rise of Battlefield Private Contractors. Public Imtegrity, 13(2), 131-148. DOI: 10.2753/PIN1099-9922130203
Elsea, J. K. (2009). Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status and others issues. In R. M. Quigly, Military Contractors: Legal Status, Oversight and Security (pp. 37-72). Nueva York: Nova Science Publishers.
Ettinger, A. (2014). After the gold rush: Corporate Warriors and The Market of Force Revisited. International Journal, 69(4), 559-569. DOI: 10.1177/0967010614521266
Faite, A. (2004). Involvement of private contractors in armed conflict: implications under international humanitarian law. Defence Studies, 4(2), 166-183. DOI: 10.1080/1470243042000325887
Huskey, K. A. (2012). Accountability for Private Military and Security Contractors in the International Legal Regime. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3(13), 193-212. DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.2012.737169
Jackson, P. (2002). War is too serious to be left to military men: Private companies, combat and regulation. Civil Wars, 5(4), 30-55. DOI: 10.1080/13698240208402516
Jorge Urbina, J. (2015). Actores no estatales y externalización de las funciones militares en los conflictos armados: los contratistas privados ante el derecho internacional humanitario. ACDI, 41-85. DOI: 10.12804/acdi8.1.2015.02
Kinsey, C. (2003). Le droit international et le controle des mercenaires et des compagnies militaires privées. Cultures & conflits, 52, 2-16. http://conflits.revues.org/981
Kinsey, C. (2005a). Challenging international law: a dilemma of private security companies. Conflict, Security & Development, 5(3), 269-293. DOI: 10.1080/14678800500344515
Kinsey, R. (2005b). Regulations and Control of Private Military Companies: The Legislative Dimension. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(1), 84-100. DOI: 10.1080/13523260500116083
Krahmann, E. (2012). From “Mercenaries” to Private Security Contractors: The Reconstruction of Armed Security Providers in International Legal Discourses. Millennium: journal of International Studies, 40(2), 343-363. DOI: 10.1177/0305829811426673
Lam, J. S. (2009). Accountability for Private Military Contractors under the Alien Tort Statute. California
Law Review, 97(5), 1459-1499. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20677914
Leander, A. (2010). The paradoxical Impunity of Private Military Companies: Authority and Limits to legal accountability. Security Dialogue, 41(5), 467-490. DOI: 10.1177/0967010610382108
Machairas, D. (2014). The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private Military Force: Regulatable or Irreconciliable? Journal of Military Ethics, 13(1), 49-69. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2014.908645
McCarron, P. B. (2008). The Long Arm of the Law: The Military Extraterritorial jurisdiction Act. Corrections Today, 70(6), 38-55. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/
e+long+arm+of+the+law%3A+the+Military+Extraterritorial+Jurisdiction+...-a0193145682
ONU. (2002). Repercusiones de las actividades de los mercenarios sobre el derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación. Ginebra: Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos.
Ortiz, C. (2010). Private Armed Forces and Global Security. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Pozo-Serrano, P. y Hernández-Martín, L. (2007). El marco jurídico de las CMSP. AEDI, XXIII, 315-351. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10171/21448
Rothe, D. L. & Ross, J. I. (2010). Private Military Copntractors, Crime and the terrain of Unaccountability. Justice Quaterly, 27(4), 593-617. DOI: 10.1080/07418820902965328
Rousseau, E. (2014). International Law and Private Military Companies: a Search for Clarity Droit International, sociétés militaires et conflit armé: Entre incertitudes et responsabilités. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 8(1), 99-104. DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2014.877624
Schaud Jr, G. (2010). Civilian Combatants, Military Professionals? American Officer Judgements. Defence Studies, 10(3), 369-386. DOI: 10.1080/14702436.2010.503679
Singer, P. W. (2006). Humanitarian Principles, Private Military Agents: Implications of the Privatized Military Industry for the Humanitarian Community. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13(1), 105-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590647
Urueña-Sánchez, M.I. (2019). Las compañías militares de seguridad privada ¿los nuevos mercenarios?. Criminalidad, 61(1), 97-110. https://www.policia.gov.co/revista/revista-criminalidad-volumen-61-no-1
Urueña-Sánchez, M. (2020). Mercenarios y Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas: estructucturación de sus redes normativas. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Wallace, D. A. (2011). International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. International Legal Materials, 50(1), 89-104. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.50.1.0089
Avant, D. (2013). Private Security. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies (pp. 425-438). Nueva York: Routledge.
Barnes, D. M. (2013). Should Private Security Companies be Employed for Counterinsurgency Operations? Journal of Military Ethics, 12(3), 201-224. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2013.847535
Bosch, S. (2007). Private security contractors and internartional humanitarian law -a skirmish for recognition in international armed conflicts-. African Security, 16(4), 34-52. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2007.9627443
Brooks, D. (2000). Messiahs or mercenaries? The future of international private military services. International Peacekeeping, 7(4), 129-144. DOI: 10.1080/13533310008413867
Cano-Linares, M. Á. (2008). El derecho internacional humanitario frente al uso de la fuerza como actividad empresarial ¿El fin de un monopolio? Anuario Derecho, XXIV, 47-77. https://hdl.handle. net/10171/21629
de Nevers, R. (2009). Private Security Companies and the Laws of War. Security Dialogue, 40 2), 169-190. DOI: 10.1177/0967010609103076
Ellington, S. (2011). The Rise of Battlefield Private Contractors. Public Imtegrity, 13(2), 131-148. DOI: 10.2753/PIN1099-9922130203
Elsea, J. K. (2009). Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status and others issues. In R. M. Quigly, Military Contractors: Legal Status, Oversight and Security (pp. 37-72). Nueva York: Nova Science Publishers.
Ettinger, A. (2014). After the gold rush: Corporate Warriors and The Market of Force Revisited. International Journal, 69(4), 559-569. DOI: 10.1177/0967010614521266
Faite, A. (2004). Involvement of private contractors in armed conflict: implications under international humanitarian law. Defence Studies, 4(2), 166-183. DOI: 10.1080/1470243042000325887
Huskey, K. A. (2012). Accountability for Private Military and Security Contractors in the International Legal Regime. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3(13), 193-212. DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.2012.737169
Jackson, P. (2002). War is too serious to be left to military men: Private companies, combat and regulation. Civil Wars, 5(4), 30-55. DOI: 10.1080/13698240208402516
Jorge Urbina, J. (2015). Actores no estatales y externalización de las funciones militares en los conflictos armados: los contratistas privados ante el derecho internacional humanitario. ACDI, 41-85. DOI: 10.12804/acdi8.1.2015.02
Kinsey, C. (2003). Le droit international et le controle des mercenaires et des compagnies militaires privées. Cultures & conflits, 52, 2-16. http://conflits.revues.org/981
Kinsey, C. (2005a). Challenging international law: a dilemma of private security companies. Conflict, Security & Development, 5(3), 269-293. DOI: 10.1080/14678800500344515
Kinsey, R. (2005b). Regulations and Control of Private Military Companies: The Legislative Dimension. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(1), 84-100. DOI: 10.1080/13523260500116083
Krahmann, E. (2012). From “Mercenaries” to Private Security Contractors: The Reconstruction of Armed Security Providers in International Legal Discourses. Millennium: journal of International Studies, 40(2), 343-363. DOI: 10.1177/0305829811426673
Lam, J. S. (2009). Accountability for Private Military Contractors under the Alien Tort Statute. California
Law Review, 97(5), 1459-1499. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20677914
Leander, A. (2010). The paradoxical Impunity of Private Military Companies: Authority and Limits to legal accountability. Security Dialogue, 41(5), 467-490. DOI: 10.1177/0967010610382108
Machairas, D. (2014). The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private Military Force: Regulatable or Irreconciliable? Journal of Military Ethics, 13(1), 49-69. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2014.908645
McCarron, P. B. (2008). The Long Arm of the Law: The Military Extraterritorial jurisdiction Act. Corrections Today, 70(6), 38-55. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/
e+long+arm+of+the+law%3A+the+Military+Extraterritorial+Jurisdiction+...-a0193145682
ONU. (2002). Repercusiones de las actividades de los mercenarios sobre el derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación. Ginebra: Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos.
Ortiz, C. (2010). Private Armed Forces and Global Security. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Pozo-Serrano, P. y Hernández-Martín, L. (2007). El marco jurídico de las CMSP. AEDI, XXIII, 315-351. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10171/21448
Rothe, D. L. & Ross, J. I. (2010). Private Military Copntractors, Crime and the terrain of Unaccountability. Justice Quaterly, 27(4), 593-617. DOI: 10.1080/07418820902965328
Rousseau, E. (2014). International Law and Private Military Companies: a Search for Clarity Droit International, sociétés militaires et conflit armé: Entre incertitudes et responsabilités. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 8(1), 99-104. DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2014.877624
Schaud Jr, G. (2010). Civilian Combatants, Military Professionals? American Officer Judgements. Defence Studies, 10(3), 369-386. DOI: 10.1080/14702436.2010.503679
Singer, P. W. (2006). Humanitarian Principles, Private Military Agents: Implications of the Privatized Military Industry for the Humanitarian Community. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13(1), 105-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590647
Urueña-Sánchez, M.I. (2019). Las compañías militares de seguridad privada ¿los nuevos mercenarios?. Criminalidad, 61(1), 97-110. https://www.policia.gov.co/revista/revista-criminalidad-volumen-61-no-1
Urueña-Sánchez, M. (2020). Mercenarios y Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas: estructucturación de sus redes normativas. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Wallace, D. A. (2011). International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. International Legal Materials, 50(1), 89-104. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.50.1.0089
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