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Publication Date: 2014-12-19
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Castaño, F. A., Rugeles P., C. C., Betancur H., C. A., & Ramírez López, C. J. (2014). Impact of heat stress on reproductive activity in cattle and considerations to mitigate its effects on reproduction. Biosalud, 13(2), 84–94. Retrieved from https://ucaldas.metarevistas.org/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4674
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Abstract
Mammalian like all living organisms must cover their nutritional requirements in order to achieve both survival and evolution of their species for which reason the conditions that ensure their welfare, depend from the nutrient exploitation. The phases of development involving reproductive processes imply high nutritional requirements and high metabolic activity, which may be affected by severe weather. The heat stress has adverse effects on gametogenesis, hormonal pulses, estrus expression, the oocyte, fertilization, implantation, embryonic development and basal metabolism, even in the response to functional alteration of the neuroendocrine axis. In tropical countries is important to adopt some strategies to reduce the thermal shock in animals, to improve their productive and reproductive performance. The first option is to use animals that have evolved in similar climatic conditions and thus have reached a certain degree of adaptation. Another measure is the use of systems that offer animals less direct exposure to sunlight, either through silvopastoral systems, the use of shading coefficient, the use of direct cooling systems with water sprinklers or fans that have shown to improve conception rates. Currently the implementation of reproductive biotechnology is aiming to supply hormone-like failures with techniques such as FTAI (fixed time artificial insemination). The present review is aimed to study the effects of heat stress over cow reproductive activity in the tropics and to consider implementing some measures intended to mitigate the negative impact of climatic conditions in the tropic.
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References
Cunningham JG, Klein BG. Fisiología Veterinaria. 5nd Edición. Elsevier Saunders; 2014. p. 700.
McEwen BS, Wingfield JC. The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Horm Behav 2003; 43:2-15.
Columbiano VS. Identificação de QLT nos cromossomos 10, 11 e 12 associados ao estresse calórico em bovinos. Dissertação Mestrado, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais; 2007.
Ramos R. Avaliação de Estresse Térmico em Vacas Leiteiras Mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) Criadas em Clima Tropical Quente Ùmido no Estado do Ceará. Dissertação Graduação, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Ceará; 2008.
Habib KE, Gold PW, Chrousos GP. Neuroendocrinology of stress. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2001; 30:695-728.
Arias RA, Mader TL, Escobar PC. Factores climáticos que afectan el desempeño productivo del ganado bovino de carne y leche. Arch Med Vet 2008; 40:7-22.
Greenspan FS. Endocrinologia Básica e Clínica. 7nd Edición. Porto Alegre, Brasil: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p. 521.
Spinosa HS, Górniak SL, Bernardi MM. Farmacologia aplicada à Medicina Veterinária. 3nd Edición. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Guanabara Koogan; 2002. p. 752.
Kadzare CT, Murphi MR, Silanikove N, Maltz E. Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livest Pro Sci 2002; 77(1):59-91.
Pereira CC. Fundamentos de Bioclimatologia Aplicados à Produção Animal. 1nd Edición. Belo Horizonte: FEPMVZ; 2005.
Chrousos GP. The role of stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: neuro-endocrine and target tissuerelated causes. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2000; 249(2):50-55.
De Rensis F, Scaramuzzi JR. Heat Stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow. Theriogenology 2003; 60:1139-1151.
Furtado E, Araujo Filho. Influencia da temperatura ambiente na reprodução animal (Breve Revisão Literária). 2002 [consultado El 24 de mayo 2012]. Disponible en: http://201.2.114.147/bds/BDS.nsf/B99B1479A075F5B983257424006A&C7E/$File/Influe%C3%AAncia%20da%20temperatura%20ambiente%20na%20reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20animal.pdf
Perassoli E. Variação climática influencia nos índices de reprodução. ENIPEC; 2006. Disponible en: http://www.secom.mt.gov.br
Katayama KA. Efeito do manejo e de variáveis bioclimáticas sobre a taxa de gestação em vacas receptoras de embriões. Dissertação Mestredo, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Mato Grosso do Sul; 2006.
Nardone A, Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B. Composition of colostrum from dairy heifers exposed to high air temperatures during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Journal of dairy Science 1997; 80(5):838-44.
Nascimento E, Santos R. Patologia da reprodução dos animais domésticos. 2 edición. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2003. p. 93-104.
Santos R, Silva C, Ribeiro A, Vasconcelos A, Pesquero J, Coelho S, et al. Effect or growth hormone and induced IGF-1 release on germ cell population and apoptosis in the bovine testis. Theriogenology 1989; 51(5):975-984.
Lozano D, Vásquez P, González P. Effect of heat stress and its interaction with other management and productive variables on pregnancy rate in dairy cows in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Vet. Mex. 2005; 36(3): 245-260.
Grunert E, Birge HE, Vale GW. Patologia clínica da reprodução dos animais mamíferos domésticos: ginecologia. São Paulo: Livraria Varela; 2005.
Breen KM, Karsh FJ. Does cortisol inhibitor pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion at the hypothalamic or pituitary level. Endocrinology 2003; 145(2):692-698.
Alnimer M, De Rosa G, Grasso F, Napolitano F, Bordi A. Effect of climate on the response to three oestrous synchronisation techniques in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2002; 71:157-168.
Cruz VJ, Elizondo VC, Ulloa AR, Fernández GI. The effect of GnRH after insemination on progesterone concentrations and conception rates in repeat-breeding Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Tec. Pecu. Mex. 2009; 47(1):107-115.
Inskeep EK. Preovulatory, postovulatory, and postmaternal recognition effects of concentrations of progesterone on embryonic survival in the cow. J. Anim. Sci. 2004; 82(Suppl):24-39.
Wilson SJ, Kirby CJ, Koenigsfield AT, Keisler DH, Lucy MC. Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 1998; 81:2132-2138.
Hansen PJ, Aréchiga CF. Strategies for managing reproduction in the heat stressed dairy cow. J. Anim. Sci. 1999, 77:36-50.
Chebel R, Santos J, Reynolds J, Cerri R, Juchem S, Overton M. Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2004; 84:239-255.
Her E, Wolfenson D, Flamenbaum I, Folman Y, Kaim M, Berman A. Thermal, productive and reproductive responses of high yielding cows exposed to short-term cooling in summer. J. Dairy. Sci. 1988; 71:1085-1092.
Hansen P. Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology 2007; 68S:S242-S249.
Al-Katanani Y, Webb D, Hansen P. Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90 day non-retourn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate. J. Dairy. Sci. 1999; 82:2611-2615.
Ferreira F, Pires M, Martinez M. Parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e hormonais de bovinos submetidos ao estresse calórico. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2009; 61(4):769-776.
Wolfenson D, Lew B, Thacher W, Graber Y, Meidan R. Seasonal and acute heat stress effects on steroid production by dominant follicles in cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1997; 47:9-19.
Lucy MC. Estratégias de manejo de vacas leiteiras para melhoria dos índices reprodutivos durante o verão. Anais do V curso. Novos enfoques na produção e reprodução de bovinos; 2001. p. 12-18.
Guzeloglu A, Ambrose J, Kassa T, Diaz T, Thatcher M, Thatcher W. Long-term follicular dynamics and biochemical characteristics of dominant follicles in dairy cows subjected to acute heat stress. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2001; 66:15-34.
Eduards, J, Hansen, P. Elevated temperature increases heat shock protein 70, synthesis in bovine two-cells embryons and compromises function in mature oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 1996; 55:340-346.
Bañuelos R, Silva JM, Aréchiga CF. La función de las proteínas de choque calórico en la reproducción animal. Orinoquia 2001; 5(1):41-50.
Ju JC. Cellular responses of oocytes and embryos under thermal stress: hints to molecular signaling. Anim. Reprod. 2005; 2:79-90.
Collier R, Doelger S, Head H, Thatch W, Wilcox C. Effect of heat stress during pregnancy on maternal hormone concentrations, calf birth weight and pospartum Milk yield of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 1982; 54:309-319.
Meyer U, Stahl W, Flachowsky G. Investigations on the water intake of growing bulls. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2006; 103:186-191.
Pires M, Campos A. Conforto Animal para maior produção de leite. Viçosa-MG: CPT, 2008; p. 254.
Hafez ES. Reprodução Animal. 7nd Edición. São Paulo: Manole, 2003; p. 530.
Coelho l, Sasa A, Nader C. Características do ejaculado de caprinos sob estresse calórico em câmara bioclimática. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2006; 58:544-549.
Ferreira F, Pires M, Martinez M. Parâmetros fisiológicos de bovinos cruzados submetidos ao estresse calórico. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2006; 58(5):732-738.
Starling J, Silva R, Cerón-Muñoz M, Barbosa G, Costa M. Análise de Algumas Variáveis Fisiológicas para Avaliação do Grau de Adaptação de Ovinos Submetidos ao Estresse por Calor. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 2002; 31(5):2070-2077.
Góngora A, Hernández A. La reproducción de la vaca se afecta por las altas temperaturas ambientales. Rev. U.D.C.A. Actual. Divulg. Cient. 2010; 13(2):141-151.
Hansen J, Drost M, Rivera M, Lopes F, Al-Katanani M, Krininger E, et al. Adverse impact of heat stress on embryo production: causes and strategies for mitigation. Theriogenology 2001; 55:91-103.
Rocha A, Randel RD, Broussard JR, Lim JM, Blair RM, Roussel JD, et al. high environmental temperature and humity decrease oocyte quality in Bos Taurus but not in bos indicus. Theriogenology 1998; 49: 657-665.
Lopes F, Chase Jr, Al-Katanani Y, Krininger C, Rivera R, Tekin S. Breed differences in resistance of bovine preimplantation embryos to heat shock. Theriogenology 2001; 55:436.
Navas A. Importance of silvopastoral systems on caloric stress reduction in tropical livestock productions. Ver. Med. Vet. 2010; (19):113-122.
De la Sota R, Burkle J, Risco C, Moreira F, De Lorenzo M, Thatcher W. Evaluation of timed insemination during summer heat stress in lactating dairy cattle. Theriogenology 1998; 49:761-770.
McEwen BS, Wingfield JC. The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Horm Behav 2003; 43:2-15.
Columbiano VS. Identificação de QLT nos cromossomos 10, 11 e 12 associados ao estresse calórico em bovinos. Dissertação Mestrado, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais; 2007.
Ramos R. Avaliação de Estresse Térmico em Vacas Leiteiras Mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) Criadas em Clima Tropical Quente Ùmido no Estado do Ceará. Dissertação Graduação, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Ceará; 2008.
Habib KE, Gold PW, Chrousos GP. Neuroendocrinology of stress. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2001; 30:695-728.
Arias RA, Mader TL, Escobar PC. Factores climáticos que afectan el desempeño productivo del ganado bovino de carne y leche. Arch Med Vet 2008; 40:7-22.
Greenspan FS. Endocrinologia Básica e Clínica. 7nd Edición. Porto Alegre, Brasil: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p. 521.
Spinosa HS, Górniak SL, Bernardi MM. Farmacologia aplicada à Medicina Veterinária. 3nd Edición. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Guanabara Koogan; 2002. p. 752.
Kadzare CT, Murphi MR, Silanikove N, Maltz E. Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livest Pro Sci 2002; 77(1):59-91.
Pereira CC. Fundamentos de Bioclimatologia Aplicados à Produção Animal. 1nd Edición. Belo Horizonte: FEPMVZ; 2005.
Chrousos GP. The role of stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: neuro-endocrine and target tissuerelated causes. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2000; 249(2):50-55.
De Rensis F, Scaramuzzi JR. Heat Stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow. Theriogenology 2003; 60:1139-1151.
Furtado E, Araujo Filho. Influencia da temperatura ambiente na reprodução animal (Breve Revisão Literária). 2002 [consultado El 24 de mayo 2012]. Disponible en: http://201.2.114.147/bds/BDS.nsf/B99B1479A075F5B983257424006A&C7E/$File/Influe%C3%AAncia%20da%20temperatura%20ambiente%20na%20reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20animal.pdf
Perassoli E. Variação climática influencia nos índices de reprodução. ENIPEC; 2006. Disponible en: http://www.secom.mt.gov.br
Katayama KA. Efeito do manejo e de variáveis bioclimáticas sobre a taxa de gestação em vacas receptoras de embriões. Dissertação Mestredo, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Mato Grosso do Sul; 2006.
Nardone A, Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B. Composition of colostrum from dairy heifers exposed to high air temperatures during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Journal of dairy Science 1997; 80(5):838-44.
Nascimento E, Santos R. Patologia da reprodução dos animais domésticos. 2 edición. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2003. p. 93-104.
Santos R, Silva C, Ribeiro A, Vasconcelos A, Pesquero J, Coelho S, et al. Effect or growth hormone and induced IGF-1 release on germ cell population and apoptosis in the bovine testis. Theriogenology 1989; 51(5):975-984.
Lozano D, Vásquez P, González P. Effect of heat stress and its interaction with other management and productive variables on pregnancy rate in dairy cows in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Vet. Mex. 2005; 36(3): 245-260.
Grunert E, Birge HE, Vale GW. Patologia clínica da reprodução dos animais mamíferos domésticos: ginecologia. São Paulo: Livraria Varela; 2005.
Breen KM, Karsh FJ. Does cortisol inhibitor pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion at the hypothalamic or pituitary level. Endocrinology 2003; 145(2):692-698.
Alnimer M, De Rosa G, Grasso F, Napolitano F, Bordi A. Effect of climate on the response to three oestrous synchronisation techniques in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2002; 71:157-168.
Cruz VJ, Elizondo VC, Ulloa AR, Fernández GI. The effect of GnRH after insemination on progesterone concentrations and conception rates in repeat-breeding Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Tec. Pecu. Mex. 2009; 47(1):107-115.
Inskeep EK. Preovulatory, postovulatory, and postmaternal recognition effects of concentrations of progesterone on embryonic survival in the cow. J. Anim. Sci. 2004; 82(Suppl):24-39.
Wilson SJ, Kirby CJ, Koenigsfield AT, Keisler DH, Lucy MC. Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 1998; 81:2132-2138.
Hansen PJ, Aréchiga CF. Strategies for managing reproduction in the heat stressed dairy cow. J. Anim. Sci. 1999, 77:36-50.
Chebel R, Santos J, Reynolds J, Cerri R, Juchem S, Overton M. Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2004; 84:239-255.
Her E, Wolfenson D, Flamenbaum I, Folman Y, Kaim M, Berman A. Thermal, productive and reproductive responses of high yielding cows exposed to short-term cooling in summer. J. Dairy. Sci. 1988; 71:1085-1092.
Hansen P. Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology 2007; 68S:S242-S249.
Al-Katanani Y, Webb D, Hansen P. Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90 day non-retourn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate. J. Dairy. Sci. 1999; 82:2611-2615.
Ferreira F, Pires M, Martinez M. Parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e hormonais de bovinos submetidos ao estresse calórico. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2009; 61(4):769-776.
Wolfenson D, Lew B, Thacher W, Graber Y, Meidan R. Seasonal and acute heat stress effects on steroid production by dominant follicles in cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1997; 47:9-19.
Lucy MC. Estratégias de manejo de vacas leiteiras para melhoria dos índices reprodutivos durante o verão. Anais do V curso. Novos enfoques na produção e reprodução de bovinos; 2001. p. 12-18.
Guzeloglu A, Ambrose J, Kassa T, Diaz T, Thatcher M, Thatcher W. Long-term follicular dynamics and biochemical characteristics of dominant follicles in dairy cows subjected to acute heat stress. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2001; 66:15-34.
Eduards, J, Hansen, P. Elevated temperature increases heat shock protein 70, synthesis in bovine two-cells embryons and compromises function in mature oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 1996; 55:340-346.
Bañuelos R, Silva JM, Aréchiga CF. La función de las proteínas de choque calórico en la reproducción animal. Orinoquia 2001; 5(1):41-50.
Ju JC. Cellular responses of oocytes and embryos under thermal stress: hints to molecular signaling. Anim. Reprod. 2005; 2:79-90.
Collier R, Doelger S, Head H, Thatch W, Wilcox C. Effect of heat stress during pregnancy on maternal hormone concentrations, calf birth weight and pospartum Milk yield of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 1982; 54:309-319.
Meyer U, Stahl W, Flachowsky G. Investigations on the water intake of growing bulls. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2006; 103:186-191.
Pires M, Campos A. Conforto Animal para maior produção de leite. Viçosa-MG: CPT, 2008; p. 254.
Hafez ES. Reprodução Animal. 7nd Edición. São Paulo: Manole, 2003; p. 530.
Coelho l, Sasa A, Nader C. Características do ejaculado de caprinos sob estresse calórico em câmara bioclimática. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2006; 58:544-549.
Ferreira F, Pires M, Martinez M. Parâmetros fisiológicos de bovinos cruzados submetidos ao estresse calórico. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2006; 58(5):732-738.
Starling J, Silva R, Cerón-Muñoz M, Barbosa G, Costa M. Análise de Algumas Variáveis Fisiológicas para Avaliação do Grau de Adaptação de Ovinos Submetidos ao Estresse por Calor. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 2002; 31(5):2070-2077.
Góngora A, Hernández A. La reproducción de la vaca se afecta por las altas temperaturas ambientales. Rev. U.D.C.A. Actual. Divulg. Cient. 2010; 13(2):141-151.
Hansen J, Drost M, Rivera M, Lopes F, Al-Katanani M, Krininger E, et al. Adverse impact of heat stress on embryo production: causes and strategies for mitigation. Theriogenology 2001; 55:91-103.
Rocha A, Randel RD, Broussard JR, Lim JM, Blair RM, Roussel JD, et al. high environmental temperature and humity decrease oocyte quality in Bos Taurus but not in bos indicus. Theriogenology 1998; 49: 657-665.
Lopes F, Chase Jr, Al-Katanani Y, Krininger C, Rivera R, Tekin S. Breed differences in resistance of bovine preimplantation embryos to heat shock. Theriogenology 2001; 55:436.
Navas A. Importance of silvopastoral systems on caloric stress reduction in tropical livestock productions. Ver. Med. Vet. 2010; (19):113-122.
De la Sota R, Burkle J, Risco C, Moreira F, De Lorenzo M, Thatcher W. Evaluation of timed insemination during summer heat stress in lactating dairy cattle. Theriogenology 1998; 49:761-770.
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