Authors
Abstract
Anxiety is defined as the anticipation of a future threat with a prevalence that reaches 8% in young people around the world. Objective. The purpose of this work was to identify the effects of exposure to music on anxiety in a sample of adolescents between 10 and 14 years of age of both sexes. Materials
and methods. Each of the participants completed a standardized test to assess their anxiety. Prior to the treatments, the participants completed the STAI status and trait scales, then listened to sound stimuli (relaxing, activating music, or white noise) and finally completed the anxiety status scale. Results. The results indicated that the musical stimulus with activating characteristics generated an anxiogenic effect in the participants. Conclusion. These data are relevant to the field of music therapy, a discipline that uses music with therapeutic purposes and that addresses anxiety disorders in different populations.
Keywords:
References
Duval F, Gonzalez F, Rabia H. Neurobiología del estrés. Rev. Chil. de Neuro-Psiquiat. 2010; 48 (4): 307-318. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-92272010000500006
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) [Sitio web mundial]. La inversión en el tratamiento de la depresión y la ansiedad tiene un rendimiento del 400% [Comunicado de prensa en internet]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/depression-anxietytreatement/es/
Acosta AF, Rodríguez AL, Lotero JA. Epidemiología de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de una población rural. Rev. posgrado VIa. Cátedra Med. 2008; 184: 4-9. Disponible en https://med.unne.edu.ar/revistas/revista184/2_184.pdf
Sánchez-Gómez M, Oliver A, Adelantado-Renau M, Breso E. Inteligencia emocional y ansiedad en adolescentes: una propuesta práctica en el aula. Quaderns digitals: Revista de Nuevas Tecnologías y Sociedad. 2020; 91: 74-89. Disponible en
http://www.quadernsdigitals.net/index.php?accionMenu=hemeroteca.VisualizaArticuloIU.visualiza&articulo_id=11544
Czernik GE, Giménez NL, Almirón LM, Larroza GO. Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado en una Escuela de Formación Profesional de la ciudad de Resistencia (Chaco). Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste: Corrientes (Argentina); 2005. Disponible en https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7Cmxz0UAAAAJ&hl=es
Herrera-Gutiérrez E, Brocal-Pérez D, Sánchez-Marmol DJ, Rodríguez-Dorantes JM. Relación entre actividad física, depresión y ansiedad en adolescentes. Cuad. de Psicol. del Deporte. 2013: 12 (2), 31-38. Disponible en https://revistas.um.es/cpd/article/view/177731
Capafons A. Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para la ansiedad generalizada. Psicothema. 2001; 13 (3): 442-446. Disponible en http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=466
Ilkkaya NK, Ustun FE, Sener EB, Kaya C, Ustun YB, Koksal E, Ozkan F. The effects of music, white noise, and ambient noise on sedation and anxiety in patients under spinal anesthesia during surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014; 29 (5): 418-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2014.05.008
Juslin PN. Musical Emotions Explained. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019.
Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Yamada M, Park H, Okuizumi H, Tsuruoka K, et al. Effectiveness of music therapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of music interventions. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014; 8: 727-754. DOI : https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S61340
Norouzi F, Keshavarz M, Seyed-Fatemi N, Montazeri A. The impact of kangaroo care and music on maternal state anxiety.Complement Ther Med. 2013; 21 (5): 468-472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2013.07.006
Rickard N. Intense emotional responses to music: A test of the physiological arousal hypothesis. Psychology of Music. 2004; 32 (4): 371-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735604046096
Grocke D, Wigram T. Receptive Methods in Music Therapy Techniques and Clinical Applications for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2007
Gómez-Scarpetta R, Arismendy L, Cabra-Sosa L, Vargas C, Becerra N. Musicoterapia para el control de ansiedad odontológica en niños con síndrome de Down. Hacia. Promoc. Salud. 2012; 17 (2): 13-24. Disponible en https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=309126826002
Zain J. Escuchar el silencio. Musicoterapia Vibroacústica. Buenos Aires: Kier; 2014.
Aldridge D. Music therapy research: A review of references in the medical literature. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 1993; 20 (1): 11-35. Disponible en http://www.wfmt.info/Musictherapyworld/modules/archive/stuff/papers/mtreview.pdf
Justel N, O´Conor J, Rubinstein W. Emotional memory modulation through music in older people: A preliminary study. Interdisciplinaria. 2015, 32 (2), 247-259. Disponible en https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/180/18043528003/html/index.html
Bernardi L. Dynamic interaction between musical, cardiovascular, and cerebral rhytms in humans. Circulation. 2009; 119 (25): 3171-3180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.108.806174
Chanda ML, Levitin D. The neurochemistry of music. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013; 17 (4): 179-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.007
Justel N, Rubinstein W. La exposición a la música favorece la consolidación de los recuerdos. Boletín de Psicología. 2013, 109, 73-83. Disponible en https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4495380
Justel N, Diaz-Abrahan V, Castro C, Rubinstein W. Efecto de la música sobre la memoria emocional verbal. Anuario de Psicología. 2016, 22 (2), 297-301. URL: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369147944072
Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Franchini D, Palladino M, Giucastro G, Reali N, et al. Neuroendocrine responses of healthy volunteers to ‘techno-music’: Relationships with personality traits and emotional state. Int J Psychophysiol. 1998; 28 (1): 99-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00071-8
Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ, Evans PB. Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain region. Nat Neurosci. 1999; 2 (4): 382-387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/7299
Chan Y, Lee P. The use of music to reduce anxiety for patients undergoing colposcopy: a randomized trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2003; 91 (1): 213-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00412-8
Walker JC, McNaughton A. Does listening to music preoperatively reduce anxiety? An evidencebased practice process for novice researchers. British journal of nursing. 2018, 27 (21), 1250–1254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2018.27.21.1250
Wu PY, Huang ML, Lee WP, Wang C, Shih WM. Effects of music listening on anxiety and physiological responses in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2017, 32, 56–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.007
Ince S, Çevik K. The effect of music listening on the anxiety of nursing students during their first blood draw experience. Nurse education today. 2017, 52, 10–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.009
Lahmann C, Schoen R, Henningsen P, Ronel J, Muehlbacher M, Loew T, et al. Brief relaxation versus music distraction in the treatment of dental anxiety: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008; 139: 317-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0161
McKinney C, Antoni M, Kumar M, Tims F, McCabe P. Effects of guided imagery and music (GIM) therapy on mood and cortisol in healthy adults. Health Psychol. 1997; 16 (4): 390-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.16.4.390
Nieto-Romero RM. Efectos de la musicoterapia sobre el nivel de ansiedad del adulto cardiópata sometido a resonancia magnética. Enfermería Universitaria. 2017; 14 (2): 88-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reu.2017.02.002
Zatorre RJ, Chen JL, Penhune VB. When the brain plays music: auditory–motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007; 8 (7): 547-558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2152
Asociación Médica Mundial (WMA). Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos [Internet]. Consultado 3 de oct. 2018. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-paralas-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
Fonseca-Pedrero E, Paino M, Sierra-Baigrie S, Lemos-Giráldez S, Muñiz J. Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (STAI) en universitarios. Psicología Conductual. 2012; 20 (3): 547-561. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4131885
Kreutz G, Ott U, Teichmann D, Osawa P, Vaitl D. Using music to induce emotions: Influences of musical preference and absorption. Psychology of Music. 2008; 36 (1): 100-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735607082623
Rickard N, Wing-Wong W, Velik L. Relaxing music counters heightened consolidation of emotional memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2012; 97 (2): 220-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2011.12.005
Carrasco-Galán, I. y Espinar-Fellmann, I. (2008). Trastornos de ansiedad y género. Mente y Cerebro, 31, 12-21. Disponible en: https://www.investigacionyciencia.es/revistas/mente-y-cerebro/psicologa-de-la-gestacin-466/trastornos-de-ansiedad-y-gnero-502
Sadek N, Nemeroff C. Update on the Neurobiology of Depression [Internet]. Consultado 3 de oct. 2018. Disponible en http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/412866/
Roy M, Peretz I, Rainville P. Emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia. Pain. 2008, 134 (1-2), 140–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.003
Robb SL, Burns DS, Carpenter JS. Reporting guidelines for music-based interventions. J Health Psychol. 2011; 16 (2): 342-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310374781
Wu P, Huang M, Lee W, Wang C, Shih W. Effects of music listening on anxiety and physiological responses inpatients undergoing awake craniotomy. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2017; 32, 56–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.007
Bradt J, Teague A. Music interventions for dental anxiety. Oral diseases. 2018; 24 (3), 300–306. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12615
Abrahan V, Justel N. La improvisación musical. Una mirada compartida entre la musicoterapia y las neurociencias. Psicogente. 2015; 18 (34): 372-384. Disponible en: http://publicaciones. unisimonbolivar.edu.co/rdigital/ojs/index.php/psicogente/article/view/512/0
Bugos JA, Perlstein WM, McCrae CS, Brophy TS, Bedenbaugh PH. Individualized piano instruction enhances executive functioning and working memory in older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2007; 11 (4): 464–471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086504
Boso M, Politi P, Barale F, Emanuele E. Neurophysiology and neurobiology of the musical experience. Funct Neurol. 2006; 21 (4): 187-191. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17367577/